■■■1.5. コードセルを使ってみよう----------------------------


[図1.10]

print("Hello Python")


[図1.11]

print("おはよう")

print("こんにちは")


●練習問題1
和歌山で全国生産量1位の果物を出力するプログラム


print("みかん")


■■■2.1. 数値型--------------------------------------------------------


[図2.1]

print(10)


[図2.2]

print(2+5)

print(10/5)

print(10%3)

print(2*(1+2))


■■■2.2. 文字列型-----------------------------------------------------


[図2.3]

print("Apple")


[図2.4]

print("和歌山"+"県")


■■■2.3. 文字列型と数値型の違い--------------------------------


[図2.5]

print(1+2)

print("1"+"2")


●練習問題2

print(895931/4724.68)


print(int(895931/4724.68),”人/平方キロメートル”)


■■■3.1. 変数を用いた値の記憶-----------------------------------


[図3.1]

a = 10

print(a)


[図3.3]

b = 3

b = 6

print(b)


[図3.5]

sentence = "今日は快晴だ"

print(sentence)


[図3.6]

a = 2

b = 3

print(a * 2)

print(a * b)


[図3.8]

a = 10

a += 1

print(a)


●練習問題3

speed = 90

distance = 3600

print(distance / speed)



■■■4.1. if文--------------------------------------------------------


[図4.2]

a = 10

if a > 5:

  print("aは5よりも大きい")


[図4.3]

a = 1

if a > 5:

  print("aは5よりも大きい")


[図4.4]

a = 10

if a > 5:

  print("条件に当てはまる時に実行されるプログラム")

print("条件の正誤に関わらず実行されるプログラム")


[図4.5]

a = 4

if a < 9:

  a += 10

  print(a)


[図4.6]

a = 10

b = 20

c = 30

if a + b == c:

  print("aとbの和がcと等しい")


[図4.7]

a = 26

if a % 2 == 0:

  print("aは偶数です")


●練習問題4-1
[図4.8]

temperature = 30

if temperature >= 25:

  print("夏日です")




●練習問題4-2


[図4.10]

a = 3

if a > 5:

  print("aは5よりも大きい")

else:

  print("aは5よりも大きくない")



■■■4.2. else文--------------------------------------------------------
●練習問題4-2
[図4.11]

temperature = 20

if temperature >= 25:

  print("夏日です")

else:

  print("夏日ではありません")


■■■

4.3. elif文--------------------------------------------------------


[図4.13]

a = 4

if a > 5:

  print("aは5よりも大きい")

elif a > 3:

  print("aは5よりも大きくないが3よりも大きい")

else:

  print("aは3よりも大きくない")


[図4.14]

a = 6

if a > 5:

  print("aは5よりも大きい")

elif a > 3:

  print("aは5よりも大きくないが3よりも大きい")

else:

  print("aは3よりも大きくない")


[図4.15]
a = 7

if a >= 10:

  print("aは10以上")

elif a >= 8:

  print("aは8以上10未満")

elif a >= 6:

  print("aは6以上8未満")

elif a >= 4:

  print("aは4以上6未満")

elif a >= 2:

  print("aは2以上4未満")

else:

  print("aは2未満")


●練習問題4-3
[図4.16]

score = 75

if score >= 90:

  print("S")

elif score >= 80:

  print("A")

elif score >= 70:

  print("B")

elif score >= 60:

  print("C")

else:

  print("不合格")


[図4.18]

a = 1

b = 3

if a == 1:

  if b == 1:

    print("aとbはどちらも1")

  else:

    print("aは1だがbは1でない")

else:

  if b == 1:

    print("bは1だがaは1でない")

  else:

    print("aもbも1でない")


●練習問題4-4
[図4.19]

score_a = 58

score_b = 75


if score_a < 60:

    if score_b < 60:

        print("AさんもBさんも再試験を受ける")

    else:

        print("Aさんのみ再試験を受ける")

else:

    if score_b < 60:

        print("Bさんのみ再試験を受ける")

    else:

        print("AさんもBさんも再試験を受けない")



■■■5.1. 配列とは----------------------------------------------------


[図5.2]

a = ["apple","banana","orange"]

print(a)

print(a[1])


[図5.3]

a = ["apple",1,"orange"]

print(a)

print(a[1])


[図5.4]

a = ["apple","banana","orange"]

a[1] = "pineapple"

print(a)


[図5.5]

a = [20,3,4,5]

print(a)

a.append(10)

print(a)


[図5.6]

a = ["egg","chicken","tomato"]

print(a)

a.pop(1)

print(a)



■■■6.ループ-------------------------------------------------------



■■■
6.1. for文-------------------------------------------------------

[図6.2]

for i in range(3):

  print("Hello World")


[図6.3]

for i in range(3):

  print(i)



■■■

6.2. 配列の各要素の参照-------------------------------------------------------


[図6.5]

a = ["egg","chicken","tomato"]

for i in a:

  print(i)


■■■6.3. while文-------------------------------------------------------


[図6.7]

a = 0

while a < 3:

  print(a)

  a = a + 1


[図6.8]

n = 5

a = 0

while a < n:

  print(a)

  a += 1


[図6.10]

a = ["apple","banana","orange","grape","peach"]

i = 0

while i < len(a):

  print(a[i])

  i += 1


[図6.11]

a = ["apple","banana","orange","grape","peach"]

for i in range(len(a)):

  print(a[i])



●練習問題6
[図6.12]

numbers = [10,2,6,250,1000]

for i in range(len(numbers)):

  numbers[i] = numbers[i] * 2
print(numbers)



■■■7.関数--------------------------------------------------------

■■■
7.1. 関数とは--------------------------------------------------------

[図7.2]

def print_hello():

  print("Hello!")


print_hello()



[図7.3]

def print_hello():

  print("Hello!")

print_hello()

print_hello()

print_hello()



[図7.5]

def print_sentence(sentence):

  print(sentence)


print_sentence("Hello!")



[図7.6]

def plus(a,b,c):

  print(a+b+c)


plus(5,8,9)



[図7.8]

def test():

  a = 10

  print(a)


a = 3

test()

print(a)



[図7.10]

def plus(a,b,c):

  return a+b+c


print(plus(2,3,10))



[図7.11]

def even_odd(a):

  if a % 2 == 0:

    return "偶数"

  else:

    return "奇数"


print(even_odd(10))



[図7.12]

def div_check(a, b):

    if a % b == 0:

        return "割り切れます"

    else:

        return "割り切れません"


print(div_check(10, 2))

print(div_check(10, 3))


■■■8.グラフィックス-------------------------------------------------------

■■■
8.1. Turtle Graphics-------------------------------------------------------



[図8.1]

!pip3 install ColabTurtle


[図8.2]

from ColabTurtle.Turtle import *


[図8.3]

initializeTurtle()


[図8.4]

initializeTurtle()

forward(100)


[図8.5]

initializeTurtle()

forward(100)

right(90)

forward(100)


[図8.6]

initializeTurtle()

goto(100,200)

goto(700,400)


[図8.8]

initializeTurtle()

color("red")

forward(100)

color("blue")

forward(100)


[図8.9]

initializeTurtle()

forward(50)

penup()

forward(50)

pendown()

forward(50)


[図8.10]

initializeTurtle()

forward(100)

right(90)

forward(100)

right(90)

forward(100)

right(90)

forward(100)

right(90)


[図8.11]

initializeTurtle()

for i in range(4):

  forward(100)

  right(90)


[図8.12]

def drawSquare():

  for i in range(4):

    forward(100)

    right(90)


initializeTurtle()

drawSquare()

penup()

left(90)

forward(200)

pendown()

drawSquare()


[図8.15]

initializeTurtle()

right(30)

for i in range(3):

  forward(100)

  right(120)

  left(120)

backward(100)

color("red")

forward(200)

backward(100)


[図8.16]

def drawTriangle():

  for i in range(3):

    forward(100)

    right(120)


initializeTurtle()

drawTriangle()


def drawTriangle(size):

  for i in range(3):

    forward(size)

    right(120)


initializeTurtle()

drawTriangle(200)

drawTriangle(100)

drawTriangle(50)


■■■8.グラフィックス-------------------------------------------------------


[図8.18]

initializeTurtle()

speed(13)

penup()


center_x = 400

center_y = 250

radius = 50

for i in range(361):

  r = math.radians(i)

  x = center_x + radius * math.cos(r)

  y = center_y + radius * math.sin(r)

  goto(x,y)

  pendown()


penup()


[図8.21]

initializeTurtle()

speed(13)

penup()


def drawCircle(radius, center_x, center_y):

  for i in range(361):

    r = math.radians(i)

    x = center_x + radius * math.cos(r)

    y = center_y + radius * math.sin(r)

    goto(x,y)

    pendown()

  penup()


drawCircle(100,150,150)

drawCircle(200,400,250)

drawCircle(50,150,300)


■■■9.幾何学模様--------------------------------------------------------


[図9.1]

def drawCircle(radius, center_x, center_y):

  for i in range(46):

    r = math.radians(8 * i)

    x = center_x + radius * math.cos(r)

    y = center_y + radius * math.sin(r)

    goto(x,y)

    pendown()

  penup()


[表9.1]

initializeTurtle()

speed(13)

penup()


radius = 40

center_x = 400

center_y = 250

for i in range(8):

  r = math.radians(i * 45)

  x = center_x + radius * math.cos(r)

  y = center_y + radius * math.sin(r)

  drawCircle(50,x,y)


[図9.4]

def drawCircle(radius, center_x, center_y):

  for i in range(46):

    r = math.radians(8 * i)

    x = center_x + radius * math.cos(r)

    y = center_y + radius * math.sin(r)

    goto(x,y)

    pendown()

  penup()


def drawGeometory(radius, center_x, center_y):

  for i in range(8):

    r = math.radians(i * 45)

    x = center_x + radius * math.cos(r)

    y = center_y + radius * math.sin(r)

    drawCircle(50,x,y)


initializeTurtle()

speed(13)

penup()


drawGeometory(40,400,250)

color("blue")

drawGeometory(30,150,150)

color("yellow")

drawGeometory(60,600,300)


■■■10.デジタル単語帳---------------------------------------------------

[図10.2 ]

user_text = input("テキストを入力してください:")

print(user_text)


[図10.3]

import random
print(random.randint(1,4))


[図10.4]

import random

words = ["リンゴ","みかん","バナナ"]

answers = ["apple","orange","banana"]


while len(words) >= 1:

    index = random.randint(0, len(words) - 1)

    print(words[index] + "を英語に訳してください")

    your_answer = input("答え:")

    if answers[index] == your_answer:

        print("正解!")

        words.pop(index)

        answers.pop(index)

    else:

        print("不正解...")


print("全問正解!")


[図10.10]

import random

words = ["リンゴ","みかん","バナナ"]

answers = ["apple","orange","banana"]


while len(words) >= 1:

    index = random.randint(0, len(words) - 1)

    print(words[index] + "を英語に訳してください")

    your_answer = input("答え:")

    if answers[index] == your_answer:

        print("正解!")

        words.pop(index)

        answers.pop(index)

    else:

        print("不正解です。" + answers[index] + "です")


print("全問正解!")



■■■12.迷路--------------------------------------------------------


[図12.2]

a = [[1,2,3],[4,5,6]]

for i in range(len(a)):

  for j in range(len(a[i])):

    print(a[i][j])

  print("---")


[図12.3 ]

def sigma(n):

  result = 0

  for i in range(n+1):

    result = result + i

  return result


print(sigma(5))


[図12.4 ]

def sigma(n):

  if n == 0:

    return 0

  else:

    return n + sigma(n-1)


print(sigma(5))


[図12.12]

import random

words = ["apple","orange","banana"]

print(random.choice(words))


[プログラム例]

import random
def display_maze(maze):

  for i in range(len(maze)):

    for j in range(len(maze[i])):

      if maze[i][j] == 3:

        print("Ｓ", end="")

      elif maze[i][j] == 4:

        print("Ｇ", end="")

      elif maze[i][j] == 2:

        print("■", end="")

      elif maze[i][j] == 1:

        print("■", end="")

      elif maze[i][j] == 0:

        print("　", end="")

    print()


def grid():

  maze = []

  for i in range(HEIGHT):

    row = []

    for j in range(WIDTH):

      if i == 1 and j == 1:

        row.append(3)

      elif i == HEIGHT - 2 and j == WIDTH - 2:

        row.append(4)

      elif i == 0 or j == 0 or i == HEIGHT - 1 or j == WIDTH - 1:

        row.append(2)

      elif i % 2 == 0 and j % 2 == 0:

        row.append(1)

      else:

        row.append(0)

    maze.append(row)

  return maze



HEIGHT = 11

WIDTH = 11

display_maze(grid())


[12.6迷路生成プログラムの作成]

import random


def display_maze(maze):

  for i in range(len(maze)):

    for j in range(len(maze[i])):

      if maze[i][j] == 3:

        print("Ｓ", end="")

      elif maze[i][j] == 4:

        print("Ｇ", end="")

      elif maze[i][j] == 2:

        print("■", end="")

      elif maze[i][j] == 1:

        print("■", end="")

      elif maze[i][j] == 0:

        print("　", end="")

    print()


def grid():

  maze = []

  for i in range(HEIGHT):

    row = []

    for j in range(WIDTH):

      if i == 1 and j == 1:

        row.append(3)

      elif i == HEIGHT - 2 and j == WIDTH - 2:

        row.append(4)

      elif i == 0 or j == 0 or i == HEIGHT - 1 or j == WIDTH - 1:

        row.append(2)

      elif i % 2 == 0 and j % 2 == 0:

        row.append(1)

      else:

        row.append(0)

    maze.append(row)

  return maze


def create_maze():

    maze = grid()

 
   for i in range(HEIGHT - 1):

        for j in range(WIDTH - 1):

            if i % 2 == 0 and j % 2 == 0 and i != 0 and j != 0:

              directions = []

              if i == 2:

                  directions.append([i - 1, j])

              if maze[i+1][j] == 0:

                  directions.append([i + 1, j])

              if maze[i][j-1] == 0:

                  directions.append([i, j - 1])

              if maze[i][j+1] == 0:

                  directions.append([i, j + 1])

              wall = random.choice(directions)

              maze[wall[0]][wall[1]] = 1

    return maze


HEIGHT = 11

WIDTH  = 11

display_maze(create_maze())


[12.8迷路の解法プログラム]

import random


def display_maze(maze, path):

  for i in range(len(maze)):

    for j in range(len(maze[i])):

      if [i, j] in path:

        print("＃", end="")

      elif maze[i][j] == 3:

        print("Ｓ", end="")

      elif maze[i][j] == 4:

        print("Ｇ", end="")

      elif maze[i][j] == 2:

        print("■", end="")

      elif maze[i][j] == 1:

        print("■", end="")

      elif maze[i][j] == 0:

        print("　", end="")

    print()


def grid():

  maze = []

  for i in range(HEIGHT):

    row = []

    for j in range(WIDTH):

      if i == 1 and j == 1:

        row.append(3)

      elif i == HEIGHT - 2 and j == WIDTH - 2:

        row.append(4)

      elif i == 0 or j == 0 or i == HEIGHT - 1 or j == WIDTH - 1:

        row.append(2)

      elif i % 2 == 0 and j % 2 == 0:

        row.append(1)

      else:

        row.append(0)

    maze.append(row)

  return maze


def create_maze():

    maze = grid()


    for i in range(HEIGHT - 1):

        for j in range(WIDTH - 1):

            if i % 2 == 0 and j % 2 == 0 and i != 0 and j != 0:

              directions = []

              if i == 2:

                  directions.append([i - 1, j])

              if maze[i+1][j] == 0:

                  directions.append([i + 1, j])

              if maze[i][j-1] == 0:

                  directions.append([i, j - 1])

              if maze[i][j+1] == 0:

                  directions.append([i, j + 1])

              wall = random.choice(directions)

              maze[wall[0]][wall[1]] = 1

    return maze

def search(maze, maze_search, pos):

    d = [[0, 1], [1, 0], [0, -1], [-1, 0]]

    for i in d:

        next_pos = [pos[0] + i[0], pos[1] + i[1]]

        maze_condition = maze[next_pos[0]][next_pos[1]]

        if maze_condition == 4:

            maze_search[next_pos[0]][next_pos[1]] = 1

            return [1, []]

        if maze_condition == 0 and maze_search[next_pos[0]][next_pos[1]] == 0:

            maze_search[next_pos[0]][next_pos[1]] = 1

            result = search(maze, maze_search, [next_pos[0], next_pos[1]])

            if result[0] == 1:

                path = result[1]

                path.insert(0, next_pos)

                return [1, path]

    return

def solve_maze(maze):

    maze_search = []

    for i in range(HEIGHT):

      row = []

      for j in range(WIDTH):

        row.append(0)

      maze_search.append(row)


    result = search(maze, maze_search, [1, 1])

    if result[0] == 0:

        return "cannot_goal"

    return result[1]



HEIGHT = 11

WIDTH  = 11

maze = create_maze()

path = solve_maze(maze)

display_maze(maze, solve_maze)